1 Chronicles 18:10

Authorized King James Version

He sent Hadoram his son to king David, to enquire of his welfare, and to congratulate him, because he had fought against Hadarezer, and smitten him; (for Hadarezer had war with Tou;) and with him all manner of vessels of gold and silver and brass.

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח
H7971
He sent
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
#2
אֶת
H853
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#3
הֲדֽוֹרָם
H1913
Hadoram
hadoram, a son of joktan, and the tribe descended from him
#4
בְּנ֣וֹ
H1121
his son
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#5
אֶל
H413
near, with or among; often in general, to
#6
הַמֶּֽלֶךְ
H4428
to king
a king
#7
דָּ֠וִיד
H1732
David
david, the youngest son of jesse
#8
ל֨וֹ
H7592
to enquire
to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand
#9
ל֨וֹ
H7592
to enquire
to inquire; by implication, to request; by extension, to demand
#10
לְשָׁל֜וֹם
H7965
of his welfare
safe, i.e., (figuratively) well, happy, friendly; also (abstractly) welfare, i.e., health, prosperity, peace
#11
וּֽלְבָרֲכ֗וֹ
H1288
and to congratulate
to kneel; by implication to bless god (as an act of adoration), and (vice-versa) man (as a benefit); also (by euphemism) to curse (god or the king, as
#12
עַל֩
H5921
above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
#13
אֲשֶׁ֨ר
H834
who, which, what, that; also (as an adverb and a conjunction) when, where, how, because, in order that, etc
#14
נִלְחַ֤ם
H3898
him because he had fought
to feed on; figuratively, to consume
#15
הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר
H1928
against Hadarezer
hadarezer, a syrian king, possibly a royal title
#16
וַיַּכֵּ֔הוּ
H5221
and smitten
to strike (lightly or severely, literally or figuratively)
#17
כִּי
H3588
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#18
אִ֛ישׁ
H376
had war
a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
#19
מִלְחֲמ֥וֹת
H4421
a battle (i.e., the engagement); generally, war (i.e., war-fare)
#20
תֹּ֖עוּ
H8583
with Tou
tou or toi, a syrian king
#21
הָיָ֣ה
H1961
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#22
הֲדַדְעָ֑זֶר
H1928
against Hadarezer
hadarezer, a syrian king, possibly a royal title
#23
וְכֹ֗ל
H3605
properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
#24
כְּלֵ֛י
H3627
and with him all manner of vessels
something prepared, i.e., any apparatus (as an implement, utensil, dress, vessel or weapon)
#25
זָהָ֥ב
H2091
of gold
gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e., yellow), as oil, a clear sky
#26
וָכֶ֖סֶף
H3701
and silver
silver (from its pale color); by implication, money
#27
וּנְחֹֽשֶׁת׃
H5178
and brass
copper, hence, something made of that metal, i.e., coin, a fetter; figuratively, base (as compared with gold or silver)

Analysis

Within the broader context of 1 Chronicles, this passage highlights salvation through simile or metaphorical language. The theological weight of divine revelation connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about divine revelation, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of 1 Chronicles.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection